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	The “ Zero-Option ” is the goal of reducing as close as possible to Zero, all the emissions to the Environment from our waste treatment operations.

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	Mineralisation
	Click here to view patent		Amongst the most difficult waste materials to process are wastes which are mixtures of metals, salts and organics. An example of such complex waste is printed circuit board scrap. The first step to convert complex waste materials back to simple raw materials is to remove the organic content and roast metal compounds in a process called mineralisation. By raising the temperature of the waste to about 1100 degrees Celcius, the bulk of the organic components is broken down into gaseous components which are burnt safely and completely (process called “cracking”). From this, a carbon rich ash is produced.

			In the second stage of the mineralisation, oxygen is forced through the ashes to burn off the carbon and roast the metals and metal compounds. The product of mineralisation is an ash rich in metal oxides and salts.

			The mineralisation is carried out in proprietary furnaces which are charged with up to 50 tons of a carefully selected blend of wastes, some high and some low in calorific value. Once the process has started, more then enough energy required to sustain the 5 day process comes from the charge. No fossil fuels are needed.

			During mineralisation, liquid wastes can be injected into the furnaces. By operating a number of furnaces on a rotation, a semi-continuous production process is had.